Historiography

Historiography of Precursors to SRV and Normalization 1

1966 1

‘Dehumanization and the Institutional Career’ Vail 1966 1

Historiography of Normalization and SRV 1

1969 1

‘Christmas in Purgatory’ Blatt and Kaplan 19?? 1

‘The Evolution of Dehumanization in Our Institutions’ White and Wolfensberger 1969 1

‘PASS 1’ ?Author 1969 1

‘Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded’ Kugel and Wolfensberger 1969 1

‘Why Innovative Action?’ Kugel 1

‘Basic Facts About Public Residential Facilities for the Mentally Retarded’ Butterfield 1

‘Purgatory’ Blatt 1

'A Scandinavian Visitor Looks at US Institutions' Nirje 1969 1

‘The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models’ Wolfensberger 1969 1

‘Recommendations for Institutional Reform’ Blatt 1

‘The Normalization Principle and Its Human Management Implications’ Nirje 1

‘Residential Services Within the Service Continuum’ Tizard 1

‘Special-Purpose Residential Facilities for the Retarded’ Dunn 1

‘A Metropolitan Area in Denmark: Copenhagen’ Bank-Mikkelson 1

‘A Rural County in Sweden: Malmohus County’ Grunewald 1

‘An Urban-Rural Area in Britain: Essex County’ Norris 1

‘A Densely Populated Small State: Connecticut’ Klaber 1

‘The Creation of Settings’ Sarason 1

‘The Free Choice Principle in the Care of the Mentally Retarded’ Cooke 1

‘A New Approach to Decision-Making in Human Management Services’ Wolfensberger 1

‘Action Implications: USA Today’ Dybwad 1

1970 1

‘The Principle of Normalization and Its Implications to Psychiatric Services’ Wolfensberger 1970 1

‘The Normalization Principle- Implications and Comments’ Nirje 1970 1

The Hospital as a Normalizing Training Environment Gunzberg 1970 1

‘Moving toward normalcy’ Zarfas 1970 1

1971 1

1972 1

‘The Right to Self-determination’ Nirje 1972 1

‘Normalization- The Principle of Normalization in Human Services’ (The Big Red Dot) Wolfensberger (ed) 1972 1

The Big Red Dot Chapters by Wolfensberger 1

Reconciling behavior modification procedures with the normalization principle Philip Roos 1

Changing vocational behavior through normalization Simon Olshansky 1

The right to self-determination Bengt Nirje 1

The dignity of risk Robert Perske 1

1973 1

‘The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models’ Wolfensberger 1973 1

1974 1

‘Normalization and Behaviour Modification in the Workshop’ Brickey 1974 1

1975 1

‘PASS 3’ Wolfensberger and Glenn 1975/1978 1

1976 1

‘Changing Patterns…’ Kugel and Shearer 1976 1

Some Basic Changes in Residential Facilities Earl Butterfield 1

The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models Wolf Wolfensberger 1

A Perspective Ruby Luna 1

The Public Leopold Lippman 1

Public and Professionals G. Allan Roeher 1

The News Media Ann Shearer 1

The Legislature Gary Marbut 1

The Executive Burton Blatt 1

The Uses of Courts and of Lawyers Thomas Gilhool 1

The Universities James Clements 1

The Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation Eunice Kennedy Shriver 1

Change by Persuasion-The Work of King Edward's Hospital Fund for London James Elliott 1

The Normalization Principle Bengt Nirje 1

Denmark N. E. Bank-Mikkelsen 1

Sweden Karl Grunewald 1

ENCOR, Nebraska Brian Lensink 1

Wessex, England Albert Kushlick 1

ComServ, Canada G. Allan Roeher 1

Architectural Implications H. David Sokoloff 1

The Caring Staff Ann Shearer 1

Parents and Professionals Robert Kugel 1

The Handicapped Person Ann Shearer 1

L’Arche Ann Shearer 1

‘The Normalization Principle, and Some Major Implications to the Architectural-Environmental Design’ Wolfensberger 1977 ? 1

‘The Prophetic Voice and Presence of Mentally Retarded People in the World Today’ Wolfensberger 1977 ? 1

‘An Attempt Toward a Theology of Social Integration of Devalued/Handicapped People’ Wolfensberger 1978 ? 1

‘The Normalization Principle’ Nirje 1976/1980 1

‘Basis and Logic of the Normalization Principle’ Nirje 1985 1

1977 1

‘Behaviour Modification, Normalisation and Person-orientedness’ Briton 1977 1

1978 1

‘Normalisation: What of and What for?’ Briton 1978 1

‘Normalization: A New Look’ Beckman-Brindley and Tavormina 1978 1

‘Normalisation: Attention to a Conceptual Disaster Area’ Aanes and Haagenson 1978 1

1979 1

1980 1

‘Normalization, Social Integration and Community Services’ Flynn and Nitsch 1980 1

Chapter Summaries 1

Preface and Introduction 1

‘A Brief Overview Of The Principle Of Normalization’ Wolf Wolfensberger 1

‘The Normalization Principle’ Nirje 1

‘Denmark’ Bank-Mikkelsen 1

‘The Definition Of Normalization: Update, Problems, Disagreements, and Misunderstandings’ Wolfensberger 1

‘Research, Empiricism, And The Principle Of Normalisation’ Wolfensberger 1

‘Anti-Institutionalization The Promise of the Pennhurst Case’ Ferleger and Boyd 1

‘Right To Services In The Community: Implications of the Pennhurst Case’ Laski 1

‘Toward The Realization Of The Least Restrictive Educational Environments For Severely Handicapped Students’ Brown et al 1

‘Special And Generic Early Education Services’ Galloway and Chandler 1

‘Research On Community Residential Alternatives For The Mentally Retarded’ Heal, Sielman and Switzky 1

‘Vocational Habilitation A Time for Change’ Pomerantz and Marholin 1

‘Comprehensive Vocational Services’ DuRand and Neufeldt 1

‘Normalization And Communitization Implementation of a Regional, Community-Integrated Service System’ Hogan 1

‘Supermarket Of Services Allows Dependent Adults To Avoid Institutions’ Judge 1

‘Normalization, Pass, And Service Quality Assessment: How Normalizing Are Current Human Services?’ Flynn 1

‘Normalization: Accomplishments to Date and Future Priorities’ Flynn and Nitsch 1

‘ NORMALIZATION BIBLIOGRAPHY’ Nitsch, Armour and Flynn 1

1981 1

‘Normalization: A Revolution in Process’ Meyer 1981 1

‘The Principle of Normalization in Human Services: A Brief Overview’ Wolfensberger and Thomas 1981 1

1982 1

‘Normalization’s Theoretical Status and Future Residential Models’ Beckey 1982 1

‘A Brief Outline of the Principle of Normalization’ Wolfensberger and Tullman 1982 1

Wolfensberger And Social Role Valorization 1

‘TIPS- Training Institute Publication Series’ 1

1983 1

‘Obstacles to Normalization in Community Settings’ Bercovici 1983 1

Development of the PASSING Instrument 1

‘PASSING’ Wolfensberger and Thomas 1983 1

‘Social Role Valorization- A Proposed New Term for the Principle of Normalization’ Wolfensberger 1983 1

‘How We Carry the Ministry with Handicapped Persons to the Parish Level’ Wolfesnberger 1983 ? 1

‘The Most Urgent Issues Facing Us as Christians Concerned with Handicapped Persons Today’ Wolfensberger 1983 ? 1

1984 1

‘The Good Life for Mentally Retarded Persons’ Wolfensberger 1984 ? 1

‘Social Role Valorisation: A New Insight, and a New Term, for Normalisation’ Wolfensberger 1984 ? 1

1985 1

‘Living and Learning in Segregated Environments: An Ethnography of Normalization Outcomes’ Brady and Cunningham 1985 1

‘Mental Handicap: The Feasibility of Normalisation, An Introduction’ Blunden 1985 1

‘Sheep in Wolf’s Clothing: Impact of normalisation teaching on human services and service providers’ Baldwin 1985A 1

‘A Reconceptualisation of Normalisation as Social Role Valorization’ Wolfensberger 1985 1

1986 1

1987 1

‘Civil Rights and Social Science Answers to the Question "How Evil are Normalization, Deinstitutionalization and Mainstreaming?"’ Butterfield and Gow 1987 1

‘Lifestyles: An approach to training staff in normalisation principles’ Brown and Alcoe 1987 1

‘Do You Really Understand Normalisation?’ Brandon 1987 1

‘Normalisation in Mental Handicap- acceptance without questions?’ Boucherat 1987 1

‘Normalisation and Elderly Persons: In Whose Best Interests?’ Baldwin and Stowers 1987 1

‘Values in the Funding of Social Services’ Wolfensberger 1987 1

The Development of ‘A Brief Introduction to SRV…’ (The Monograph) 1

‘A Brief Introduction to SRV…’ (1st Edition) 19?? 1

‘A Brief Introduction to SRV…’ (2nd Edition) 19?? 1

1988 1

‘Special Education in the least restrictive environment: Mainstreaming or Maindumping’ Chapman 1988 1

‘A Feminist Perspective on the Normalization Principle’ Burns and Roberts 1988 1

1989 1

‘I’m not handicapped- I’m different- ‘Normalisation, Hospital care and Mental Handicap’’ Candappa and Burgess 1989 1

‘Whose ‘Ordinary Life’ is it Anyway?’ Brown and Smith 1989 1

‘Applied Behaviour Analysis and Normalization: New Carts for Old Horses? A Commentary’ Baldwin 1989A 1

‘Applied Behaviour Analysis and Normalization: Reason, 1

Rhetoric and Rationality’ 1

1990 1

1991 1

‘Implications of Normalisation Work for Professional Skills’ Brandon 1991 1

‘Increasing Value: The Implications of the Principle of Normalisation for Mental Illness Services’ Brandon 1991 1

‘Normalisation or "Social Role Valorization": an Adequate Philosophy? Bayley 1991 1

1992 1

‘Towards a Sociological Critique of the Normalisation Principle’ Chappell 1992 1

‘Normalisation, Needs and Schools’ Carson 1992 1

‘Normalisation- and now for something completely different’ Carson et al 1992 1

‘What price theory if you cannot afford the busfare: Normalisation and leisure services for people with learning disabilities’ Brown 1992 1

‘Normalisation, Community Care and the Politics of Difference’ Branson and Miller 1992 1

‘The Normative Lack of Christian Communality in Local Congregations as the Central Obstacle to a Proper Relationship with Needy Members’ Wolfensberger 1992 ? 1

‘Normalisation for the Nineties’ Brown and Smith 1

‘What is normalisation?’ Emerson 1992 1

‘Normalisation training: conversion or commitment?’ Lindley and Wainwright 1992 1

‘Normalisation: from theory to practice’ Tyne 1992 1

‘The social origins of normalisation’ Whitehead 1992 1

‘Normalisation and applied behaviour analysis: values and technology in human services’ McGill and Emerson 1992 1

‘Inside-out: a psychodynamic approach to normalisation’ Smith and Brown 1992 1

‘Social welfare ideologies and normalisation: links and conflicts’ Dalley 1992 1

‘The limits to integration?’ Szivos 1992 1

‘Promoting race equality through normalisation’ Ferns 1992 1

‘Assertion, not assimilation: a feminist perspective on the normalisation principle’ Brown and Smith 1992 1

1993 1

‘The Influence of Normalisation on Psychiatric Services’ Carson et al 1993 1

‘Dark Shadows on a White Wall: A Black Perspective on Wolfensberger’s Theory of Normalization’ Bano et al 1993 1

1994 1

‘The Role of Normalization in Psychiatric Rehabilitation: An Empirical Investigation’ Carson et al 1994 1

SRV/VRS Journal Volume 1 number 1, 1994 1

W. Wolfensberger and S. Thomas. An analysis of the client role from an SRV perspective. 1

R.J. Flynn. De la normalisation à la VRS: Évolution et impact entre 1982- 1

1992. 1

M. Kendrick. Some reasons why SRV is important. 1

A. Dupont. VRS et santé mentale: le rôle du travailleur productif dans l’entreprise social. 1

J.-P. Nicoletti. L’.valuation et ses enjeux dans le développement de la VRS. 1

Classic Article: S. Thomas and W. Wolfensberger. The importance of social imagery in interpreting societally devalued people to the public. 1

Artcle Classique: S. Thomas and W. Wolfensberger (Traduit par A.Dionne). L’importance de l’imagerie sociale dans l’interprétation de personnes dévalorisées socialement au public 1

R. Lemay. Problems of discourse concerning roles. 1

M. Steer. Wolfensberger: Tales from the twilight zone. 1

R. Lemay. L’éloge de l’exhubérance: une critique de l’hyperactivité. 1

A review of J. Durand’s "The Affirmative Enterprise." 1

A review of Lutfiyya et al.’s "A question of community: quality of life and integration in small residential units and other residential settings." 1

A review of Shaddock and Zilber’s "Current service ideologies and responses to challenging behavior: Social Role Valorization or Vaporization." 1

A review of John Horgan’s "Eugenics revisited." 1

A review of D. Bowman’s "Disability and gender: community care." 1

SRV Council: Statements of definition, Identity and Functioning 1

SRV/VRS Journal Volume 1 number 2, 1994: 1

Wolf Wolfensberger & Susan Thomas Constraints and Cautions in Formulating Recommendations to a Service Especially in the Context of an External PASS or PASSING Evaluation 1

Jacques Pelletier Stratégies et Partenariats dans l'Actualisation de l'Identité Professionnelle du Travailleur qui Présente un Handicap Mental 1

Susan Thomas A Brief History of the SRV Development, Training and Safeguarding Council 1

Classic article from 1969: Bengt Nirje The Normalization Principle and its Human Management Implications 1

Article classique de 1969: Bengt Nirje Le Principe de Normalisation et ses Implications dans le Maniement du Comportement Humain 1

Opinions 1

Jack Yates John McKnight and the Fallible Community 1

John O'Brien Nobody Outruns the Trickster 1

Wolf Wolfensberger What is Grey Integration, and Is it Good or Bad? 1

Wolf Wolfensberger Qu'est ce que l'Intégration Grise, Est-ce Bon ou Mauvais? 1

John DuRand How Do We Measure Social Success? 1

Susan Thomas Some Thoughts About SRV Evoked by Events Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of D-day 1

CMHERA A Review of the Conference - 25 Years of Normalization SRV and Social Integration -held in Ottawa (CANADA) May 1994 1

Raymond Lemay A Reikjavik Journal 1

Raymond Lemay Ed Roberts, and the World Institute on Disabilities 1

Review of the "Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities" 1

Review of "Agenda for Real Life" 1

Review of "Down Stairs that are Never Your Own" 1

Review of "Impact of Federal Regulations" 1

Review of "Social Integration in Barbados" 1

Review of "Housing and Supports for Persons with Mental Illness" 1

Review of "Drugs: A Case for Normalization" 1

Review of "Putting People First" 1

Review of "Normalisation: Theory and Practice" 1

Review of "What if...: A plea to Professionals to consider the Risk Benefit Ratio of Facilitated Communication" 1

Review of "Her Shoes are Brown and Other Stories" 1

Review of "I'm Not Handicapped--I'm Different" 1

SRV News and Reviews Wolf Wolfensberger 1

Annotations et Nouvelles: la VRS en Bref Wolf Wolfensberger 1

‘A Ordinary Sexual Life?: A review of the normalisation principle as it applies to the sexual options of people with learning disabilities’ Brown 1994 1

‘Deconstructing Social Role Valorization’ Bleasdale ?1994 CHECK 1

‘The Growing Threat to the Lives of Handicapped People in the Context of Modernistic Values’ Wolfensberger 1994 ? 1

‘An Analysis of the Client Role from a Social Role Valorization Perspective’ Wolfensberger and Thomas 1994 1

‘A Brief Introduction to SRV…’ ‘The Monograph’ 3rd Ed. 1

1995 1

‘Heading Toward Normal: Deinstitutionalization for the Mentally Retarded Client’ Whitman 1995 1

1996 1

SRV/VRS Journal Volume 2 number 1, 1996 1

Deborah Reidy Practices of Mental Health Programs Considered Stigmatizing by Consumers/Survivors: Consistency with Social Role Valorization 1

Wolf Wolfensberger & Susan Thomas The Problem of Trying to Incorporate a Model Coherency Analysis into a PASSING Assessment 1

Wolf Wolfensberger Reply To John O’Brien’s "Nobody outruns the trickster: A brief note on the meaning of the word ‘Valorization’" 1

Opinions 1

Jack Yates Storystealing & Storytelling 1

Raymond Lemay "Get clothes to support your intentions" 1

Joe Osburn What Makes A Good Passing Team Leader? 1

Susan Thomas Recent News Vignettes on the Power of Valued Social Roles 1

Reviews: 1

Susan Thomas A Review and Some Reflections on Some Early Writings on Social Roles 1

A Review of Forrest Gump Judith Sandys 1

A Review of "Normalization and deinstitutionalization of mentally retarded individuals: Controversy and facts" Wolf Wolfensberger 1

Comment On "Is It Still The ‘Person First,’ Then The Disability?" Joe Osburn 1

SRV Council: How the SRV Council Relates to Other SRV Bodies & Groups 1

SRV News and Reviews Wolf Wolfensberger 1

Annotations et Nouvelles: la VRS en Bref Wolf Wolfensberger 1

SRV/VRS Journal Volume 2 number 2, 1996 1

Wolf Wolfensberger, Susan Thomas & Guy Caruso Some of the Universal "Good Things in Life" Which the Implementation of SRV Can be Expected to Make More Accessible to Devalued People 1

Raymond Lemay La VRS et le principe de normalisation 1

Article classique de 1980: Wolf Wolfensberger Recherche, Empirisme et le Principe de Normalisation 1

Classic article from 1980: Wolf Wolfensberger Research Empiricism and the Principle of Normalization 1

Opinions 1

Jack Yates Human service anarchism and A tale of two bridges 1

Raymond Lemay Throwing slippers and other role behaviors: Eliza Doolittle becomes a lady 1

Susan Thomas Some further thoughts on SRV prompted by recent news items 1

Review of Doug's Story: The Struggle for a Fair go Judith Sandys 1

Review of When Billy Broke his Head Guy Caruso 1

Review of Developing Leisure Identities Susan Thomas 1

The column/la chronique: 1

SRV News and Reviews Wolf Wolfensberger 1

Annotations et Nouvelles: la VRS en Bref Wolf Wolfensberger 1

Letter: A response to Wolfensberger's response to O'Brien 1

‘Increased Value- Implications of Normalisation for Mental Illness Services’ Brandon 1996 1

‘If This Then That’ Wolfensberger 1995 1

1997 1

1998 1

SRV/VRS Journal Volume 3 number 1, June 1998 1

Michael Steer - The Old Commodore of Sydney Cove 1

Joe Osburn - An Overview of Social Role Valorization Theory 1

Paul Williams - New PASS Subscores 1

Tony Wainwright - Social Psychology and SRV 1

Article classique : John McKnight - Le professionnalisme dans les services : un secours abrutissant 1

Classic article : John McKnight - Professionnalized Service and Disabling Help 1

Jack Yates - On Jean Vanier 1

Peter Millier - The Struggle for a "Real" Life 1

Review of Chappell’s "Towards a Sociological Critique of the Normalization Principle" by Wolf Wolfensberger and Susan Thomas 1

Review of Weiss and Kasmauski’s "Aging: New Answers to Old Questions" by Raymond Lemay 1

Recension de "Toute personne est une histoire sacrée" de Jean Vanier par Raymond Lemay 1

SRV News and Reviews Wolf Wolfensberger 1

Annotations et Nouvelles: la VRS en Bref Wolf Wolfensberger 1

1999 1

SRV/VRS Journal Volume 3 number 2, December 1999 1

Christine Wilson & Cheryl Reed - Choice, Self-determination and Autonomy 1

SRV Council - Motives of Trainers 1

SRV Council - Legitimization of SRV Trainers 1

Jack Yates - Deinstitutionalization and Deception 1

Alan Rudman - SRV and Attribution Theory 1

Paul Williams - The Fascinating World of Imagery 1

Jessica Downton et Raymond Lemay - Qu’adviendra-t-il des enfants de l’État? 1

Jessica Downton & Raymond Lemay - What will become of the children of the state? 1

Paul Jenkins - A Proposal For Better Dissemination Of SRV Principles 1

Raymond Lemay - Inclusion, integration and the Olympics 1

Susan Thomas - An American Take on a British Experience 1

Raymond Lemay - Pushed out of the Nest 1

Wolf Wolfensberger - SRV News and Reviews 1

Wolf Wolfensberger - Annotations et Nouvelles: la VRS en Bref 1

‘A Quarter Century of Normalization and SRV: Evolution and Impact’ 1

‘Normalization and Social Role Valorization at a quarter-century: Evolution, impact, and renewal’ Flynn and Lemay 1999 1

‘How I Came to Formulate the Normalization Principle’ Nirje 1999 1

‘A contribution to the history of Normalization, with primary emphasis on the establishment of Normalization in North America between 1967-1975’ Wolfensberger 1999 1

The North American formulation of the principle of Normalization’ Yates 1999 1

‘An overview of Social Role Valorization’ Thomas and Wolfensberger 1999 1

‘Capitalism, disability and ideology: A materialist critique of the Normalization Principle’ Oliver 1999 1

‘Response to Professor Michael Oliver’ Wolfensberger 1999 1

‘The original "Scandinavian" Normalization principle and its continuing relevance for the 1990s’ Perrin 1999 1

‘Are Normalization and Social Role Valorization limited by competence?’ Heal 1999 1

‘Roles, identities, and expectancies: Positive contributions to Normalization 1

and Social Role Valorization’ Lemay 1999 1

‘Normalization and residential services: The Vermont studies’ Burchard 1999 1

‘Integration of persons with developmental or psychiatric disabilities: Conceptualization and measurement’ Flynn and Aubry 1999 1

‘"It does my heart good": How employers perceive supported employees’ Sandys 1999 1

‘A comprehensive review of research conducted with the program evaluation instruments PASS and PASSING’ Flynn 1999 1

‘Historical background and evolution of Normalization-related and Social Role Valorization-related training’ Thomas 1999 1

‘Education in applying the principle of Normalization as a factor in the practical Arts of improving services for people with disabilities O’Brien 1999 1

‘The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization in Scandinavia’ Kristansen 1999 1

‘The origin of the Normalization principle in Sweden and its impact on legislation today’ Hollander 1999 1

‘Social integration in a welfare state: Research from Norway and Sweden’ Kristansen< Soder and Tossebro 1999 1

‘The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization in the English-speaking world’ Kendrick 1999 1

‘The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization in Canada’ Blanchet 1999 1

‘The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization in the United 1

Kingdom’ Wainwright 1999 1

‘Normalization and Social Role Valorization in Australia and New Zealand’ Millier 1999 1

‘The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization in francophone countries and communities from the late 1960s to the 1990s’ Pelletier 1999 1

‘The impact of Social Role Valorization on government policy in Quebec’ Dionne 1999 1

‘The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization on my life’ Park and French 1999 1

‘The personal impact of Normalization-related and Social Role Valorization-related training’ Osbourne 1999 1

‘The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization on a state-level practitioner from the USA’ Scwartz 1999 1

‘Concluding reflections and a look ahead into the future for Normalization and Social Role Valorization’ Wolfensberger 1999 1

‘A comprehensive bibliography on Normalization, Social Role Valorization, PASS, and PASSING, 1969-1999’ St-Dennis and Flynn 1999 1

‘SRV The English Experience’ Race 1999 1

2000 1

2001 1

SRV/VRS Journal Volume 4, numbers 1 & 2, December 2001 1

Deborah Reidy—Interviews with Gunnar Dybwad 1

Wolf Wolfensberger—The Problematic Nature of the Victim Role 1

Louis Vaney—Du principe de la normalisation à la VRS 1

Selected papers from the 2nd International Conference of SRV—Boston 1999: 1

Creating Possibilities: The Difference Social Role Valorization Makes 1

Fiona Cameron-McGill & Trudy Van Dam—Staying True to SRV 1

Jane Sherwin—Classrooms, Camps and Canteens 1

Fran Hartnett—A Brief Social History Of SRV New Zealand 1

Susan Thomas—Reading SRV Lessons from the Ordinary Media 1

Michael J. Kendrick—The Developmental Challenges for the Future of SRV 1

A Symposium on Developing New Leadership: 1

Joe Osburn—The Challenge of Developing New Leadership 1

Bill Forman—Perspectives on the SRV Culture 1

Theresa White-Lightner—One Perspective from a Relative Newcomer 1

Jan Doody—Some Thoughts on the Aging of the SRV Movement 1

Deborah E. Reidy—Reflections on "the Movement" 1

Review 1

Raymond Lemay—Good intentions and hard work are not enough 1

‘The Trojan Horse Effect: The Client Role and its Impact on Integration’ Reidy 2001 1

2002 1

Historiography of Precursors to SRV and Normalization

1966

‘Dehumanization and the Institutional Career’ Vail 1966

Historiography of Normalization and SRV

· The following section comprises an annotated bibliography of major papers on Normalization and SRV.

· Currently it is attached to Section 0 as I take notes, But eventually it will become Section 19.

1969

‘Christmas in Purgatory’ Blatt and Kaplan 19??

· Get reference and order.

‘The Evolution of Dehumanization in Our Institutions’ White and Wolfensberger 1969

· Written by Wesley D White and Wolf Wolfensberger.

· Abstract:

‘The origins and evolution of dehumanizing practices in public institutions for the mentally retarded in the United States are traced and discussed. At first, these practices appear to have reflected cultural attitudes towards deviancy in general, but today, the values of the general public appear to be more advanced than the values of those who control institution practices.’

· Refers to The Origin and Nature of our Institutional Models and so may be best read together with this publication, either in its original form in Kugel and Wolfensberger, or in the Monograph format.

· Deviancy and Mental Retardation is mentioned and sourced to Wolfensberger’s above paper:

‘In this review, attention was drawn to a theoretical construct which appears to have considerable utility in coming to an understanding of the history of our institutions. This is the concept of deviancy which has lately gained considerable ascendancy in sociological thinking. If a person is significantly different from others, and if this difference is viewed as having negative value, then the person can be said to be deviant. Almost by definition, mentally, retarded persons are deviants, and many are stigmatized by, overt signs of their deviancy which elicit negative social reactions.’

· Common ways of dealing with deviancy:

‘Historically, there have been four common ways in which society has dealt with deviancy, and these have been to prevent, reverse, segregate or isolate, or destroy it. Our institu-tions for the retarded were origi-nally created in order to reverse the deviancy of their residents; later, goals changed toward prevention by means of segregation.’

· Prevent,

· Reverse,

· Segregate or Isolate,

· Destroy.

· Making the deviant undeviant- 1850-1880 in residential facilities. Pioneers were Seguin, Howe, Wilbur etc.. Small scale services involved in education and training. Remarkably successful in achieving their purpose.

· Sheltering the deviant from society- 1870-1890. Shelter turning to warehousing.

· Protecting society from the deviant- 1880-1900. Mental retardation seen as a menace, malignant growth on society. Laws passed on marriage and sterilisation. Monies cut back and little rehabilitation attempted.

‘It became the consensus of the professionals in the field to isolate and warehouse the retarded deviant as inexpensively as possible for life, to prevent his reproduction, and thereby exterminate the problem.’

· They note the work of Vail and point out that conditions in Mental Retardation facilities were much worse than in the Mental Illness facilities that Vail considered.

· Loss of rationales- between 1918 and 1925, the idea of the retardate as a menace to society retreated, but the institutional response remained much the same.

‘PASS 1’ ?Author 1969

· Was published in Nebraska in 1969 according to the copyright information to PASS 3.‘The Principle of Normalization and its Implications for Psychiatric Services’

GATHER INFORMATION AND SUMMARISE

‘Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded’ Kugel and Wolfensberger 1969

· Kugel and Wolfensberger edited this seminal work which was published in 1969.

· The President’s Committee on Mental Retardation had been set up by President Johnson’s administration as a successor to President Kennedy’s Panel on Mental Retardation which produced a report in 1962 followed by several subcommittee reports.

· The Committee requested Kugel to compile a resource package on residential services for the mentally retarded in the US.

· ‘Changing Patterns’ was the final result. It collected together a selection of papers pertinent to Normalisation.

· This book also includes the first publication of The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models (Wolfensberger 1969 In Kugel and Wolfensberger) and is described separately below.

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF KUGEL, R. B., & WOLFENSBERGER, W. (EDS) (1969)

‘CHANGING PATTERNS IN RESIDENTIAL SERVICES FOR THE MENTALLY RETARDED’

Part I: Challenge

l. Why Innovative Action?

Robert B. Kugel, University of Nebraska, College of Medicine

Part II: Situation

2. Basic Facts About Public Residential Facilities for the Mentally Retarded Earl C. Butterfield, University of Kansas Medical Center

Part III: Reactions to Current Residential Models in the United States

3. Purgatory

Burton Blatt, Massachusetts Department of Mental Health

4. A Scandinavian Visitor Looks at US Institutions

Bengt Nirje, Swedish Association for Retarded Children

Part IV: History and Development

5. The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models

Wolf Wolfensberger, University of Nebraska, College of Medicine

Part V: Toward New Service Models

6. Recommendations for Institutional Reform

Burton Blatt, Massachusetts Department of Mental Health

7. The Normalization Principle and Its Human Management Implications

Bengt Nirje, Swedish Association for Retarded Children

8. Residential Services Within the Service Continuum

Jack Tizard, University of London Institute of Education

9. Small, Special-Purpose Residential Facilities for the Retarded

Lloyd M. Dunn, George Peabody College for Teachers

Part VI: Model Service Models

10. A Metropolitan Area in Denmark: Copenhagen

N. E. Bank-Mikkelsen, Danish National Service for the Mentally Retarded

11. A Rural County in Sweden: Malmohus County

Karl Grunewald, Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare

12. An Urban-Rural Area in Britain: Essex County

David Norris, Bournemouth College of Technology

13. A Densely Populated Small State: Connecticut

M. Michael Klaber, University of Hartford

Part VII: Toward New Service Concepts

14. The Creation of Settings

Seymour B. Sarason, Yale University

15. The Free Choice Principle in the Care of the Mentally Retarded

Robert E. Cooke, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

16. A New Approach to Decision-Making in Human Management Services

Wolf Wolfensberger, University of Nebraska, College of Medicine

Part VIII: Overview

17. Action Implications, USA Today

Gunnar Dybwad, Brandeis University

‘Why Innovative Action?’ Kugel

FOR REVIEW

‘Basic Facts About Public Residential Facilities for the Mentally Retarded’ Butterfield

FOR REVIEW

‘Purgatory’ Blatt

FOR REVIEW

'A Scandinavian Visitor Looks at US Institutions' Nirje 1969

· This brief article gives an outsider’s approach to conditions in US institutions for the Mentally Retarded. At the time of writing, Scandinavia had provided ‘better institutions’ (which impressed Wolfensberger (see REFERENCE).

· The information is now well known but is worth reading for a contemporaneous account by a trusted outside interpreter.

· Nirje mentions Blatt and Kaplan’s Christmas in Purgatory which should probably be viewed alongside this article. Purgatory by Burton Blatt is a written record of conditions in those institutions and is reviewed later in this section as a chapter of Kugel and Wolfensberger.

‘The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models’ Wolfensberger 1969

· Text believed to be similar or identical to monograph of the same title dated 1973 (on the subject by the same author). Reviewed here from that later source.

TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR WOLFENSBERGER ‘THE ORIGIN AND NATURE OF OUR INSTITUTIONAL MODELS’

CHAPTER 1 THE LANGUAGE OF ARCHITECTURE

The Perception of the Retarded Person's Role as a Determinant of the Institutional Models The Retarded Person as Sick

The Retarded Person as a Subhuman Organism

The Retarded Person as a Menace

The Retarded Person as an Object of Pity

The Retarded Person as a Burden of Charity

The Retarded Person as a Holy Innocent

The Retarded Person as a Developing Individual

Other Roles of Retarded Persons

The Meaning of a Building

The Building as a Monument

The Building as a Public Relations Medium

The Building as a Medium of Service

The Focus of Convenience of a Building

The Convenience of the Architect

The Convenience of the Community

The Convenience of the Staff

The Convenience of the Resident

CHAPTER 2 THE EVOLUTION OF INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN THE UNITED STATES

Making Deviant Individuals Undeviant

Protecting Deviant Individuals from Nondeviant People

Protecting Nondeviant Individuals from Deviant People

The Early Indictment

The Peak of the Indictment

Dehumanizing and Brutalizing Elements of the Indictment

Concern with Prevention

Failure of Preventive Marriage Laws

Failure of Preventive Sterilization

Failure of Preventive Segregation

Failure to Support Community Alternatives to Segregation

The End of the Indictment

Momentum Without Rationales

CHAPTER 3 THE REALITIES OF INSTITUTIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

HISTORY OF THIS ON P68FF OF FLYNN LEMAY

· History of the document from the footnote to the foreword:

‘This essay evolved from a series of lectures and an address given before the Wisconsin Association for Retarded Children; Janesville, Wisconsin. May 1967. The writing of tbe Paper was supported by USPHS Grant HD00370v from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. I am indebted to my colleagues Psychiatrist Frank Menolascino and Sociologist Richard A. Kurtz (now at Notre.Dame University) for inspiration and critical reading of earlier drafts.’

· Notes on Chapter 1:

· Early use of role theory:

‘…the role expectancies the building design and atmosphere impose on prospective residents, …

And one’s image of the retarded person has definite implications to one’s conceptualization of the residential service model appropriate for people cast into the retarded role. … It is a well-established fact that a person’s behaviour tends to be profoundly affected by the role expectations that are placed on him. Generally, people will play roles that they have been assigned. This permits those who define social roles to make self-fulfilling prophecies by predicting that someone cast into a certain role will emit behavior consistent with that role. Unfortunately, role-appropriate behavior will then often be interpreted to be a person’s ‘natural’ rather than elicited mode of acting.'

· Historical means for handling deviancy:

· Prevention

· Making Undeviant

· Segregating

· Destroying

· Notes on Prevention- the deviancy itself can be prevented by changing the values of a society. Wolfensberger gives the examples of the Medieval Catholics and the recent Hutterites who do not place great value on intellect, and so do not find simple retardation as deviant.

· Notes on Making Undeviant- education, training and treatment.

· Notes on Segregating-

‘Deviant groups, being perceived as unpleasant, offensive or frightening can be segregated from the mainstream of society and placed at its periphery. We have numerous example of this in our society: we segregate Indians in reservations, and Negroes in the ghetto; the aged are congregated in special homes, ostensibly for their own good, and these homes are often located at the periphery of our communities or in the country; deaf and blind children who could be taught in the regular schools are sent to residential schools, many of which are on the periphery of, or remote from population centers; we have (or have had) ‘dying rooms’ in our hospitals to save us the unpleasantness of ultimate deviancy; and the emotionally disturbed and retarded may be placed in institutions far in the countryside.’

· Notes on Destroying-

‘In the past, some kinds of deviancy were seen to be the work of the devil or other evil forces. As such, the deviant person was evil too, and had to be persecuted and destroyed so as to protect society. Destruction of deviant individuals may also be advocated for other reasons such as self-preservation or self-protection. For instance, many societies have condoned the destruction of weaker, less adequate, or handicapped members. This was true of ancient Greece and Rome, of the Eskimos and bushmen, and of Nazi Germany. In the United States, the increasing sentiment for, and legalization of, abortion of high-risk fetuses can be viewed, at least in part, as a variant of this theme.’

· Deviancy Roles:

· The Retarded Person as

· Sick

· Subhuman Organism

· Menace

· Object of Pity

· Burden of Charity

· Holy Innocent

· Later mentions the role of Object of Ridicule, but does not cover in depth.

· Contrasts with non-deviant role:

· The Retarded Person as:

· Developing Individual

· (Developmental Model)

· Meanings of a Building:

· As a Monument

· As a Public Relations Medium

· As a Medium of Service

· The Convenience of a Building

· The Convenience of the Architect

· The Convenience of the Community

· The Convenience of the Staff

· The Convenience of the Resident.

· Notes on Chapter 2:

· Making Deviant Individuals Undeviant:

‘The pioneers did not so much speak of making ‘idiots’ normal, as ‘educating the idiot.’’

· Wolfensberger notes that the early institutions were placed at the heart of the community.

· Wolfensberger notes:

‘Essentially, making the deviant person undeviant implied a developmental model’

· Protecting Deviant Individuals from Nondeviant People:

· Wolfensberger notes four problems with the rehabilitation model:

· There were bound to be failures

· For every resident discharged, the replacement was likely to be less successful

· Many residents who were partially habilitated had no place to go to

· People had too high an expectation of such rehabilitation programs.

· Wolfensberger notes that the term school began to be replaced by the term asylum in program titles.

· Wolfensberger notes:

‘The Institution was no longer to be a school, but a shelter, an asylum of happiness, a garden of Eden for the innocent.’

· Wolfensberger notes:

‘The protective residential model emphasized benevolent shelter, but it bore the seeds of three dangerous trends: (1) isolation, (2) enlargement and (3) economization.’

· Protecting nondeviant people from deviant people:

‘The image of the retarded as a social menace grew in a subtle way.’

· Strict segregation in institutions grew out of the background of the restrictive marriage laws and forced segregation (and their failures).

· This section is a comprehensive history of the development of the institution through the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

· The Realities of Institutional Accomplishments:

· A summary of the effects of the asylums on the individuals.

· Appendix 2 lists the origins of some institutional features:

· Monotony of design

· Broken flight staircases to avoid falls

· No sharp corners on woodwork

· All radiators and steam pipes to be covered

· Physical Exclusion of the most challenged within the institution

· Electric light switches outside rooms

· Extra strong plaster

· Hot water supply adequate for large scale simultaneous bathing

· Standardisation for cheapness of repair

· Terrazzo flooring rather than linoleum or rubber

· Concrete stairs

· Wolfensberger notes that the specification for the staff quarters is considerably more normal.

‘Recommendations for Institutional Reform’ Blatt

FOR REVIEW

‘The Normalization Principle and Its Human Management Implications’ Nirje

· This is probably the first published statement in English of Nirje’s ideas on Normalization.

· He summarizes Normalization as:

‘My entire approach to the management of the retarded, and deviant persons generally, is based on the "normalization" principle. This principle refers to a cluster of ideas, methods, and experiences ex-pressed in practical work for the mentally retarded in the Scandinavian countries, as well as in some other parts of the world. The normaliza-tion principle underlies demands for standards, facilities, and programs for the retarded as expressed by the Scandinavian parent movement.’

· It is clear from this statement that, despite later criticisms by Wolfensberger among others, Nirje envisaged Normalization as a theory applicable to other deviant groups and not just to those with Mental Retardation.

· He quotes Bank-Mikkelson:

‘to let the mentally retarded obtain an existence as close to the normal as possible.’

· He then goes on to describe in detail how the conditions of people with mental retardation may be ameliorated by using the principle of normalization.

· In an appendix he describes Law 940 of the Swedish Code of Statutes which he says can be seen as an expression of the normalization principle. There are a wide variety of quotes from this law given in this appendix.

‘Residential Services Within the Service Continuum’ Tizard

FOR REVIEW

‘Special-Purpose Residential Facilities for the Retarded’ Dunn

FOR REVIEW

‘A Metropolitan Area in Denmark: Copenhagen’ Bank-Mikkelson

FOR REVIEW

‘A Rural County in Sweden: Malmohus County’ Grunewald

‘An Urban-Rural Area in Britain: Essex County’ Norris

FOR REVIEW

‘A Densely Populated Small State: Connecticut’ Klaber

FOR REVIEW

‘The Creation of Settings’ Sarason

FOR REVIEW

‘The Free Choice Principle in the Care of the Mentally Retarded’ Cooke

FOR REVIEW

‘A New Approach to Decision-Making in Human Management Services’ Wolfensberger

FOR REVIEW

‘Action Implications: USA Today’ Dybwad

FOR REVIEW

1970

‘The Principle of Normalization and Its Implications to Psychiatric Services’ Wolfensberger 1970

· In 1970 Wolfensberger published the paper ‘The Principle of Normalization and its implications for psychiatric services’ FOR CONTEXT SUMMARISE. SEE p88

SUMMARIZE

‘The Normalization Principle- Implications and Comments’ Nirje 1970

· The paper was part of a ‘Symposium on "Normalization"’ in the British Journal of Mental Subnormality. Articles by Gunzberg and Zarfas, the other two parts of the published work from this symposium, are reviewed below.

· He outlines the principle:

‘The application of the normalization principle will not "make the subnormal normal" but will make life conditions of the mentally subnormal normal as far as possible bearing in mind the degree of his handicap, his competence and maturity, as well as the need for training activities and availability of services. Thus aims of care and services as well as goals of training - in striving to develop a better adjustment to society-are also part of the normalization principle. The realistic appraisal of the degree of handicap, the fluctuating social conditions and demands and the awareness that mostly only relative independence and integration can be attained are implied and stressed by the words "as close to the normal as possible".’

· He also includes a summary of his view of mental subnormality, stressing the cognitive impairment, the imposed or acquired aspects, and the awareness aspects of the condition:

‘(I) The mental subnormality of the individual: the cognitive handicap associated with impairment in adaptive behaviour, learning difficulties, difficulty in meeting demands imposed by repetitious, new experiences and complex situa-tions, frustrations due to failures, Iack of ability to communicate often aggra-vated by absence of patience.

(2) The imposed or acquired subnormality: as expressed in behavioural mis-func-tioning or under-functioning, due to possible deficiencies in their environment or in the conditions of life created by society or the unsatisfactory attitudes of parents, personnel or people in general. Institutional poverty, non-existing or unsatisfactory education or vocational training, Iack of experiences and social contacts, etc., etc., add to the primary handicap.

(3) The awareness of being mentally handicapped: as possibly leading to dis-torted self-concepts, defence mechanisms, closing in on inner problems and defeatisfic allowances. Self-assertion in one's own eyes and those of others might prove difficult for many normal people, but when saddled with the awareness of being mentally handicapped and the inability to understand oneself the task becomes near impossible.’

· This conception of mental subnormality is particularly close to the concept of social construction of the condition which is discussed later.

· The remainder of the article gives a summary of the various headings within the Normalization Principle:

· Normal Rhythm of the Day

· Normal Weekly Rhythm

· Normal Rhythm of the Year

· Normal Developmental Experiences of the Life Cycle

· Choices, Wishes, and Desires of the Mentally Subnormal have to be respected

· Living in a bisexual world

· Normal Economic Standards

· Standards of Physical Facilities

The Hospital as a Normalizing Training Environment Gunzberg 1970

· This article was published as part of a ‘Symposium on "Normalization"’ in the British Journal of Mental Subnormality.

· The paper makes a claim for using the hospital as a means to reach normalisation goals, although admitting that this requires some non-normalised means.

REVIEW

‘Moving toward normalcy’ Zarfas 1970

· This article was published as part of a ‘Symposium on "Normalization"’ in the British Journal of Mental Subnormality.

REVIEW

1971

1972

‘The Right to Self-determination’ Nirje 1972

· Published as a chapter in Normalization- The Principle of Normalization in Human Services (Wolfensberger 1972).

· Chapter sub-headings and summaries:

· ‘Action by the unimpaired on behalf of the impaired’- a consideration of the moral ramifications of action taken by the unimpaired and their reactions to the impaired, and the feelings and expressions of the impaired persons themselves.

· ‘Self-assertion by the impaired’- Notes that people with mental retardation are severely socially inhibited by societal conventions and that decisions are often taken on their behalf by parents or other unimpaired people. Argues for greater recognition of the rights of the impaired.

· ‘Social training for self-assertion’- discusses means for increasing the ability to take part in Self-determination and considers the barriers to this.

· ‘Social training for equality through special community experience courses

· ‘Social training for independence through social clubs’

· ‘Social training through parliamentary procedures’

· An historic step toward self-determination: the Malmo Congress of the Retarded

· ‘Are self-directing groups of the handicapped segregating?’

· ‘Various frameworks for self-directing groups of the handicapped’

· ‘Self-determination for the retarded as a test case for other devalued groups’

· Appendix: ‘Summary of the proceedings of the National Conference of retarded, young adults - in Malmo, Sweden, May 8-10, 1970’

‘Normalization- The Principle of Normalization in Human Services’ (The Big Red Dot) Wolfensberger (ed) 1972

TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR WOLFENSBERGER W, ‘NORMALIZATION- THE PRINCIPLE OF NORMALIZATION IN HUMAN SERVICES’

DEFINING THE NORMALIZATION PRINCIPLE AND ITS MAJOR IMPLICATIONS

1 The role of ideology in shaping human management models

2 The concept of deviancy in human management

3 The principle of normalization as a human management model: evolution of a definition

4 Typical programmatic and architectural implications of the normalization principle

5 Societal integration as a corollary of normalization

APPLICATION OF NORMALIZATION PRINCIPLES TO SPECIFIC PROBLEM AND SERVICE AREAS

6 Additional architectural-environmental implications of the normalization principle

7 Additional implications of the normalization principle to residential services

8 Implications in the field of mental health

9 Normalizing activation for the profoundly retarded and/or multiply handicapped

10 Reconciling behavior modification procedures with the normalization principle

Philip Roos

11 Changing vocational behavior through normalization

Simon Olshansky

12 Meeting the socio-sexual needs of severely impaired adults

13 The right to self-determination

Bengt Nirje

14 The dignity of risk

Robert Perske

15 Dignity and risk: a further reflection

SPECIAL IMPLEMENTIVE STRATEGIES AND MECHANISMS

16 Some safeguards for integrative services

17 Normalization via citizen advocacy

18 Normalization via agency performance assessment and differential funding

19 Miscellaneous other implementive strategies and mechanisms

Chapters by Wolfensberger unless otherwise noted.

· Edited by Wolf Wolfensberger and published in 1972. Includes papers mostly by Wolfensberger, but also by Nirje, Olshansky, Perske and Roos.

· It was identified in 1991 as the single most influential publication on Mental Retardation in the previous fifty years. Wolfensberger gives the history of this publication, noting that it originated in individual papers of his which were not being readily accepted through the peer review process. He notes that it was not possible to interest a major publisher for the work, and it was published by the Canadian Association for the Mentally Retarded.

· Known humorously as ‘The Big Red Dot’.

SUMMARIZE

· Summary of Contents:

· Introduction: Wolfensberger states the plan for the book:

‘At this point, I want to state the three goals that this book is intended to achieve: to explain, clarify, and elaborate the principle of normalization as a system of human management; to `translate' it from its Scandinavian origins so as to make it fully relevant to the North American scene; and to bring the principle to the attention of a broad range of human management disciplines.

In part A of the book, the normalization principle will be presented in its universal nature. Part B will contain illustrative elaborations of the applica-tion of the principle to a number of specific problem areas or issues. Since the principle has universal application in all of the human management areas discussed above, including even areas that interact with human management, such as architecture, it is to be expected that additional elaborations will be forthcoming in time. The ones presented here are intended to be primarily illustrative. In part C, some of the strategies and mechanisms for implemen-ting normalization will be presented.’

The Big Red Dot Chapters by Wolfensberger

REVIEW AND EXPAND THE FOLLOWING BRIEF SUMMARIES

· Chapter 1 ‘The role of ideology in shaping human management models’: An early statement of Wolfensberger’s ideas of the relationship between Ideologies and the Sciences. WORTH GOING BACK TO FOR CRITIQUES.

· Chapter 2 ‘The concept of deviancy in human management’: This Chapter outlines Wolfensberger’s approach to Deviancy and introduces the ‘Major Historic Roles of Deviant Persons’.

· These Historic Roles are listed as:

· Subhuman Organism

· Menace

· Unspeakable Object of Dread

· Object of Pity

· Holy Innocent

· Diseased Organism

· Object of Ridicule

· Eternal Child

cf. Latest list of Historic Roles- Comment, also dirt and discard

· An early reference to methods of handling deviancy- destruction, segregation, reversal of condition or prevention of the condition.

· An early reference to what became known as death-making.

· Chapter 3 The principle of normalization as a human management model: evolution of a definition. This short chapter gives a brief history of the Scandinavian model of Normalization and an introduction to the proposed reformulation for the US. Wolfensberger then gives the definition of his reformulation of normalization:

‘Utilization of means which are as culturally normative as possible, in order to establish and or maintain personal behaviours and characteristics which are as culturally normative as possible.’

· This is compared with Nirje’s formulation:

‘making available to the mentally retarded patterns and conditions of everyday life which are as close as possible to the norms and patterns of the mainstream of society.’

· Chapter 4 Typical programmatic and architectural implications of the normalization principle.

· Describes the three levels of action that later became part of SRV. It describes Physical and Image Juxtaposition- ? for the first time. CHECK It describes the difference between Interaction and Interpretation ? for the first time. CHECK Role expectancy is mentioned ? for the first time. CHECK It also refers to ‘Pygmalion in the Classroom’.

· Chapter 5 Societal integration as a corollary of normalization

· Introduces Physical and Social Integration as topics. It also has a list of examples (now somewhat dated) of integrative opportunities.

· Chapter 6 Additional architectural-environmental implications of the normalization principle

· Covers in some depth the language of the built environment. Additionally it discusses the language of policies and procedures and the language of staff image and competence.

· Chapter 7 Additional implications of the normalization principle to residential services

· Considers the range of institutional responses to the need for ‘Home’. Gives the five major implications of Normalization: Integration, Smallness, Separation of Domicilary Function, Specialization, Continuity.

· Chapter 8 Implications in the field of mental health

REVIEW IN DEPTH LATER ALONG WITH THE PAPER ON SAME SUBJECT

· Chapter 9 Normalizing activation for the profoundly retarded and/or multiply handicapped

REVIEW LATER

· Chapter 12 Meeting the socio-sexual needs of severely impaired adults

REVIEW LATER

· Chapter 15 Dignity and risk: a further reflection

REVIEW LATER

· Chapter 16 Some safeguards for integrative services

REVIEW LATER

· Chapter 17 Normalization via citizen advocacy

REVIEW LATER

· Chapter 18 Normalization via agency performance assessment and differential funding

· References to the origins of PASS

REVIEW LATER

· Chapter 19 Miscellaneous other implementive strategies and mechanisms

· REVIEW LATER

Reconciling behavior modification procedures with the normalization principle Philip Roos

· Chapter 10

· REVIEW LATER WHEN LOOKING AT BM CRITIQUES

Changing vocational behavior through normalization Simon Olshansky

· Chapter 11

· REVIEW LATER WHEN LOOKING AT BM CRITIQUES

The right to self-determination Bengt Nirje

· Chapter 13

· Reviewed above under Nirje’s writings.

The dignity of risk Robert Perske

· Chapter 14

· The underpinnings of Social and Physical Overprotection

REVIEW LATER

1973

‘The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models’ Wolfensberger 1973

· This is a monograph publication which I believe to be identical in text to that under the same title in Kugel and Wolfensberger.

· Reviewed above

1974

‘Normalization and Behaviour Modification in the Workshop’ Brickey 1974

1975

‘PASS 3’ Wolfensberger and Glenn 1975/1978

· PASS 3 consists of two sets of Ratings- PASS and FUNDET. PASS asseses the Ideology and the Administration of the service. FUNDET assesses financial considerations.

· A list of the ratings for both PASS and FUNDET is given below:

List of Headings and Ratings for PASS3

1 Ideology

11 Normalization-related

111 Integration

1111 Physical integration

11111 Proximity

R111111 Local

R111112 Regional

R11112 Access

11113 Physical context

R111131 Physical

R111132 Program-neighborhood harmony

R11114 Congregation, and assimilation potential

1112 Social integration

11121 Socially integrative intepretations

R111211 Program. facility, and location names

111212 Building perception

R1112121 Function congruity image

R1112122 Building-neighborhood harmony

R111213 Deviancy image juxtaposition

R111214 Deviancy program juxtaposition

11122 Socially integrative program

111221 Deviant persons juxtaposition

R 1112211 Deviant staff juxtaposition

R1112212 Deviant client and other juxtaposition

R111222 Socially integrative social activities

112 Appropriate interpretations and

1121 Age-appropriateinterpretations and structures

R11211 Facilities, environmental design and appointments

R11212 Personal appearance

R11213 Activities, routines and rhythms

R11214 Labels and forms of address

R11215 Autonomy and Rights

R11216 Possessions

R11217 Sex behavior

1122 Culture-appropriate interpretations and structures

R11221 Internal design and appointments

R11222 Personal appearance

R11223 Activities, routines and

R11224 Labels and forms of address

R11225 Rights

R113 Model coherency

114 Developmental growth

R1141 Physical overprotection

R1142 Social overprotection

R1143 Intensity of relevant programming

R1154 Interactions

115 Quality of setting

R1151 Physical comfort

R1152 Environmental beauty

R1153 Individualization

R1154 Interactions

12 Ideology-related administration

R121 Comprehensiveness

R122 Utilization of generic resources

R123 Consumer and public participation

R124 Education of the public

R125 Innovativeness

13 Human science orientation

R131 Ties to academia

R132 Research climate

14 Regional priorities

R141 Deinstitutionalization

R142 Age group priorities

2 Administration

21 Manpower considerations

R211 Staff development

R212 Manpower development

22 Operational effectiveness

221 Internal administration

R2211 Administrative control and

R2212 Planning process

R2213 Program evaluation and renewal

222 Finance

R2221 Financial documentation-

R2222 Budget economy

FUNDET

R31 Continuation of funding

R32 Funding exploration

R33 Financial documentation -accuracy

34 Hardship factors

R341 Financial need

342 Socio-ecologic hardship

R3421 Socio-ecologic hardship-

R3422 Socio-ecologic hardship –impact

R343 Geo-demographic hardship

R35 Non-duplication –

R36 Service utilization

37 Funder priorities and requirements

R371 Client appropriateness

R372 Program appropriateness

R373 Consistency with funder policies and standards

DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY OF INSTRUMENT AND RATINGS.

1976

‘Changing Patterns…’ Kugel and Shearer 1976

· Full title is ‘Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded. President’s Commission on Mental Retardation, Washington DC 20201, 1976 Library of Congress Catalog Number 76-20170

· No source for this book in UK. Information on contents obtained from Susan Thomas at the Training Institute who kindly provided a photocopy.

POSSIBLY THE ONLY ARTICLES WORTH SUMMARISING IS THE ONE ON ENCOR AND THE ONE ON L’ARCHE

Table of Contents for Robert Kugel and Ann Shearer’s Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded

Introduction

Starting Points

Some Basic Changes in Residential Facilities Earl Butterfield

The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models Wolf Wolfensberger

A Perspective Ruby Luna

Instruments of Change

The Public Leopold Lippman

Public and Professionals G. Allan Roeher

The News Media Ann Shearer

The Government

The Legislature Gary Marbut

The Executive Burton Blatt

The Uses of Courts and of Lawyers Thomas Gilhool

The Universities James Clements

The Foundations

The Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation Eunice Kennedy Shriver

Change by Persuasion-The Work of King Edward's

Hospital Fund for London James Elliott

Patterns Which Are Changing

The Philosophy

The Normalization Principle Bengt Nirje

National Patterns

Denmark N. E. Bank-Mikkelsen

Sweden Karl Grunewald

Provincial Patterns

Ontario Donald Zarfas

Local Patterns

ENCOR, Nebraska Brian Lensink

Wessex, England Albert Kushlick

A Planning Process

ComServ, Canada G. Allan Roeher

People, Places and Change

Architectural Implications H. David Sokoloff

The Caring Staff Ann Shearer

Parents and Professionals Robert Kugel

The Handicapped Person Ann Shearer

L’Arche Ann Shearer

Some Basic Changes in Residential Facilities Earl Butterfield